A motherboard =  central printed circuit board (PCB) =  mainboard =  system board =  Applelogic board = mobo.

The motherboard’s main job is to hold the computer’s microprocessor
chip and let everything else connect to it. Everything that runs the
computer or enhances its performance is either part of the motherboard
or plugs into it via a slot or port.

The essential motherboard make-up includes the chipset (known as the “glue logic“), some code in ROM and the various wired interconnections between the components know as buses.
The chipset is fundamental, and controls how the motherboard interacts
with everything else in the system. A good chipset can be more
important than the power of CPU or the amount of RAM. The ROM code
includes the BIOS, which has user-changeable options for how the
motherboard operates with integral and connected devices.

 Motherboard Standard  :

1-Form factor is the shape and layout of a motherboard ,The form factor affects where individual components go and the shape of the computer’s case.

2-  Socket for the microprocessor determines what kind of Central Processing Unit (CPU) the motherboard uses.

3- The chipset is part of the motherboard’s
logic system and is usually made of two parts — the northbridge and
the southbridge. These two “bridges” connect the CPU to other parts of
the computer.

4- (BIOS) chip controls the most basic functions of the computer and
performs a self-test every time you turn it on. Some systems feature
dual BIOS, which provides a backup in case one fails or in case of
error during updating.

5-The real time clock chip is a battery-operated chip that maintains basic settings and the system time.

The slots and ports found on a motherboard include:

1- (PCI)- connections for video, sound and video capture cards, as well as network cards

2-Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) – dedicated port for video cards.

3-Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) – interfaces for the hard drives

4-Universal Serial Bus or FireWire – external peripherals

5-Memory slots

A video card = graphics accelerator card = display adapter =  graphics card is a hardware component whose function is to generate and output images to a display.

The images on monitor are made of tiny dots called pixels. At most common resolution settings, a screen displays over a million pixels, and the computer has to decide what to do with every one in order to create an image. To do this, it needs a translator — something to take binary data from the CPU and turn it into a picture you can see. that translation takes place on the graphics card.

Main display adapter component :

1-

Graphics processing unit (GPU)

is similar to a computer’s CPU. A GPU, however, is designed specifically for performing the complex mathematical and geometric calculations that are necessary for graphics rendering.

2-

Video BIOS

contains the basic program that governs the video card’s operations and provides the instructions that allow the computer and software to interface with the card. It may contain information on the memory timing, operating speeds and voltages of the graphics processor and RAM and other information

3-

RAMDAC ” Ram-digital to analog converter “

consists of two parts : RAM + DAC

Ram : As the GPU creates images, it needs somewhere to hold information and completed pictures. It uses the card’s RAM for this purpose, storing data about each pixel, its color and its location on the screen.

DAC : translates the image into an analog signal that the monitor can use. Some cards have multiple RAMDACs, which can improve performance and support more than one monitor.

4-

Outputs

Video Graphics Array (VGA)

Digital Visual Interface (DVI)

5-

Cooling devices

like fan

6-

Power demand

from mother board or seperatly with a combination of six pin (75W) or eight pin (150W) sockets that connect directly to the power supply to supplement power.